:root {
  --ink: #0b1d36;
  --muted: #5a687a;
  --line: #dce5f0;
  --surface: #f4f8fc;
  --surface-strong: #e6f0fb;
  --accent: #1376d2;
  --accent-dark: #064d99;
  --accent-bright: #20c9ef;
  --white: #ffffff;
  --shadow: 0 24px 70px rgba(18, 77, 145, 0.12);
  --content: min(1120px, calc(100vw - 40px));
  --font-body: "Noto Sans", ui-sans-serif, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", sans-serif;
  --font-display: "Google Sans", "Noto Sans", ui-sans-serif, sans-serif;
}

* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

body {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--white);
  font-family: var(--font-body);
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.65;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}

a {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
}

a:focus-visible {
  outline: 3px solid rgba(32, 201, 239, 0.55);
  outline-offset: 4px;
  border-radius: 4px;
}

.site-header {
  width: var(--content);
  min-height: 72px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 24px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.site-name {
  font-weight: 750;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

.site-context {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.92rem;
}

.project-nav {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 24px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  font-weight: 650;
}

.project-nav a {
  transition: color 160ms ease;
}

.project-nav a:hover {
  color: var(--accent);
}

.project-brand {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  font-weight: 650;
  transition: color 160ms ease;
}

.project-brand:hover {
  color: var(--accent);
}

.project-header {
  justify-content: space-between;
}

.section-shell {
  width: var(--content);
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.hero {
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  padding: 86px 0 64px;
  text-align: center;
}

.hero-glow {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: -1;
  top: -210px;
  left: 50%;
  width: 780px;
  height: 520px;
  transform: translateX(-50%);
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: radial-gradient(circle, rgba(40, 179, 237, 0.2), rgba(40, 179, 237, 0) 68%);
}

.mars-logo {
  display: block;
  width: min(320px, 70vw);
  max-height: 154px;
  object-fit: contain;
  margin: 0 auto 20px;
}

.paper-kicker,
.eyebrow {
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.hero h1 {
  max-width: 1040px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: clamp(2.3rem, 5.1vw, 4.7rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: -0.045em;
  line-height: 1.04;
}

.authors {
  max-width: 920px;
  margin: 32px auto 10px;
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 7px 22px;
  font-size: 1.03rem;
  font-weight: 650;
}

.authors a,
.affiliation a {
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-decoration-color: rgba(19, 118, 210, 0.26);
  text-underline-offset: 4px;
}

.authors a:hover,
.affiliation a:hover {
  color: var(--accent);
}

.authors sup,
.author-note sup {
  color: var(--accent);
}

.affiliation,
.author-note {
  margin: 0;
}

.affiliation {
  font-weight: 600;
}

.author-note {
  margin-top: 5px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.84rem;
}

.hero-actions {
  margin: 28px 0 42px;
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 12px;
}

.button {
  min-height: 46px;
  padding: 10px 19px;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 9px;
  border: 1px solid var(--ink);
  border-radius: 999px;
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  font-weight: 750;
}

.button-primary {
  color: var(--white);
  background: var(--ink);
  transition: transform 160ms ease, background 160ms ease;
}

.button-primary:hover {
  background: var(--accent-dark);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.button-muted {
  color: var(--muted);
  border-color: var(--line);
  background: var(--surface);
}

.metric-strip {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 18px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.82);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}

.metric-strip div {
  padding: 23px 18px 21px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 1px;
}

.metric-strip div + div {
  border-left: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.metric-strip strong {
  color: var(--accent-dark);
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 2rem;
  line-height: 1.15;
}

.metric-strip span {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 650;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}

.tradeoff-showcase {
  margin: 0 auto 76px;
  padding: 34px;
  border: 1px solid #cfe0ef;
  border-radius: 24px;
  background:
    radial-gradient(circle at 4% 0%, rgba(32, 201, 239, 0.12), transparent 38%),
    linear-gradient(145deg, #f8fbff, #eef6fb);
  box-shadow: 0 20px 58px rgba(18, 77, 145, 0.11);
}

.tradeoff-intro {
  margin-bottom: 26px;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.15fr) minmax(260px, 0.85fr);
  gap: 22px 34px;
  align-items: end;
}

.tradeoff-intro .eyebrow {
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.tradeoff-intro h2 {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: clamp(1.65rem, 2.8vw, 2.55rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: -0.035em;
  line-height: 1.08;
}

.tradeoff-intro > p:last-child {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.94rem;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.tradeoff-body {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.28fr) minmax(380px, 0.92fr);
  gap: 18px;
  align-items: stretch;
}

.tradeoff-chart-card,
.tradeoff-panel {
  padding: 18px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(159, 187, 214, 0.62);
  border-radius: 18px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.82);
}

.tradeoff-chart-header {
  margin-bottom: 5px;
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
}

.tradeoff-chart-header > strong {
  display: block;
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 1rem;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.tradeoff-chart-card {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
}

.tradeoff-chart-image {
  margin-top: 12px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}

.tradeoff-chart-image img {
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  display: block;
}

.tradeoff-vector-chart {
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  display: block;
  overflow: visible;
  font-family: "Noto Sans", sans-serif;
}

.tradeoff-svg-background {
  fill: #ffffff;
}

.tradeoff-svg-grid line {
  stroke: #cbd1d4;
  stroke-width: 1.2;
  opacity: 0.58;
}

.tradeoff-svg-frame {
  fill: none;
  stroke: #777d80;
  stroke-width: 1.6;
}

.tradeoff-svg-tick-marks line {
  stroke: #595f62;
  stroke-width: 1.5;
}

.tradeoff-svg-ticks {
  fill: #151515;
  font-size: 23px;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.tradeoff-svg-y-ticks {
  text-anchor: end;
}

.tradeoff-svg-x-ticks {
  text-anchor: middle;
}

.tradeoff-svg-axis-title {
  fill: #080808;
  font-size: 29px;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.tradeoff-svg-legend rect {
  fill: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.92);
  stroke: #d2d2d2;
  stroke-width: 1.2;
}

.tradeoff-svg-legend text {
  fill: #202020;
  font-size: 25px;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.tradeoff-svg-legend .tradeoff-svg-legend-title {
  font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
  font-size: 27px;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.tradeoff-svg-baseline { fill: #858789; }
.tradeoff-svg-dicache { fill: #aa6049; }
.tradeoff-svg-c3 { fill: #8b60bd; }
.tradeoff-svg-xcache { fill: #d85fb0; }
.tradeoff-svg-ours-1 { fill: #006b45; }
.tradeoff-svg-ours-2 { fill: #17884c; }
.tradeoff-svg-ours-3 { fill: #2d9c56; }
.tradeoff-svg-ours-4 { fill: #46ad61; }
.tradeoff-svg-ours-5 { fill: #6cbe75; }

.tradeoff-svg-point > circle:not(.tradeoff-svg-halo) {
  stroke: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.92);
  stroke-width: 3;
  transition: stroke-width 170ms ease;
}

.tradeoff-svg-halo {
  opacity: 0.2;
  transition: opacity 170ms ease;
}

.tradeoff-svg-halo-green { fill: #46ad61; }
.tradeoff-svg-halo-baseline { fill: #777d80; }
.tradeoff-svg-halo-dicache { fill: #aa6049; }
.tradeoff-svg-halo-c3 { fill: #8b60bd; }
.tradeoff-svg-halo-xcache { fill: #d85fb0; }

.tradeoff-svg-point {
  cursor: default;
  outline: none;
  transform-box: fill-box;
  transform-origin: center;
  transition: transform 170ms ease, filter 170ms ease;
}

.tradeoff-svg-point:hover,
.tradeoff-svg-point:focus-visible {
  filter: drop-shadow(0 8px 7px rgba(11, 29, 54, 0.22));
  transform: translateY(-4px) scale(1.12);
}

.tradeoff-svg-point:hover .tradeoff-svg-halo,
.tradeoff-svg-point:focus-visible .tradeoff-svg-halo {
  opacity: 0.34;
}

.tradeoff-svg-point:hover > circle:not(.tradeoff-svg-halo),
.tradeoff-svg-point:focus-visible > circle:not(.tradeoff-svg-halo) {
  stroke-width: 4;
}

.tradeoff-svg-trend {
  fill: none;
  stroke: rgba(76, 177, 91, 0.42);
  stroke-width: 14;
  stroke-linecap: round;
}

.tradeoff-svg-arrow {
  stroke: #51ad45;
  stroke-width: 11;
}

.tradeoff-svg-arrowhead {
  fill: #51ad45;
}

.tradeoff-svg-arrow-label {
  fill: #45a33c;
  font-size: 29px;
  font-weight: 850;
}

.tradeoff-legend {
  position: absolute;
  top: 9px;
  right: 9px;
  z-index: 5;
  max-width: 76%;
  padding: 7px 9px;
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  gap: 5px 10px;
  color: var(--muted);
  border: 1px solid rgba(135, 149, 162, 0.24);
  border-radius: 5px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
  font-size: 0.59rem;
  font-weight: 750;
}

.tradeoff-legend span {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 5px;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.legend-dot {
  width: 9px;
  height: 9px;
  display: inline-block;
  border-radius: 50%;
}

.legend-dot-baseline {
  background: #83878b;
}

.legend-dot-dicache { background: #aa5f48; }
.legend-dot-c3 { background: #8860bd; }
.legend-dot-xcache { background: #d85eb0; }
.legend-dot-ours-1 { background: #65b96e; }
.legend-dot-ours-2 { background: #4aaa62; }
.legend-dot-ours-3 { background: #299c59; }
.legend-dot-ours-4 { background: #168849; }
.legend-dot-ours-5 { background: #057442; }

.legend-ours .legend-dot + .legend-dot {
  margin-left: -2px;
}

.tradeoff-chart {
  height: 350px;
  position: relative;
  padding: 8px 8px 78px 62px;
}

.chart-y-title,
.chart-x-title {
  position: absolute;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 850;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.chart-y-title {
  top: 46%;
  left: 1px;
  writing-mode: vertical-rl;
  transform: translateY(-50%) rotate(180deg);
}

.chart-x-title {
  left: calc(50% + 31px);
  bottom: 2px;
  transform: translateX(-50%);
}

.chart-y-ticks {
  position: absolute;
  top: 4px;
  bottom: 75px;
  left: 22px;
  width: 32px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: flex-end;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.62rem;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.chart-x-ticks {
  position: absolute;
  right: 8px;
  bottom: 42px;
  left: 62px;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.62rem;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.chart-plot {
  position: absolute;
  top: 4px;
  right: 8px;
  bottom: 75px;
  left: 62px;
  overflow: hidden;
  border-bottom: 1.5px solid #88939f;
  border-left: 1.5px solid #88939f;
  background-image:
    linear-gradient(to right, rgba(127, 146, 164, 0.14) 1px, transparent 1px),
    linear-gradient(to top, rgba(127, 146, 164, 0.14) 1px, transparent 1px);
  background-size: 16.666% 16.666%;
}

.chart-point {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 3;
  width: 20px;
  height: 20px;
  display: block;
  border: 2px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.92);
  border-radius: 50%;
  transform: translate(-50%, 50%);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 6px rgba(87, 101, 114, 0.13);
}

.point-ours {
  background: #238b4b;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 5px rgba(57, 166, 86, 0.17);
}

.point-ours-1 { left: 1%; bottom: 32.3%; background: #057442; }
.point-ours-2 { left: 4.1%; bottom: 37.7%; background: #168849; }
.point-ours-3 { left: 4.7%; bottom: 51%; background: #299c59; }
.point-ours-4 { left: 6.1%; bottom: 46.7%; background: #4aaa62; }
.point-ours-5 { left: 13%; bottom: 57.3%; background: #65b96e; }

.point-other {
  width: 28px;
  height: 28px;
}

.point-c3 {
  left: 26.8%;
  bottom: 20.7%;
  background: #8860bd;
  width: 25px;
  height: 25px;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 7px rgba(136, 96, 189, 0.15);
}

.point-dicache {
  left: 44.6%;
  bottom: 60%;
  background: #aa5f48;
  width: 32px;
  height: 32px;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 9px rgba(170, 95, 72, 0.15);
}

.point-xcache {
  left: 71.2%;
  bottom: 50.7%;
  background: #d85eb0;
  width: 39px;
  height: 39px;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 10px rgba(216, 94, 176, 0.15);
}

.point-baseline {
  left: 92%;
  bottom: 54.3%;
  width: 44px;
  height: 44px;
  background: #858789;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 11px rgba(98, 104, 109, 0.14);
}

.chart-trend {
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  bottom: 22%;
  z-index: 2;
  width: 18.5%;
  height: 41%;
  overflow: visible;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.chart-trend path {
  fill: none;
  stroke: rgba(83, 179, 98, 0.42);
  stroke-width: 8;
  stroke-linecap: round;
  vector-effect: non-scaling-stroke;
}

.chart-arrow {
  position: absolute;
  right: 20%;
  bottom: 40.7%;
  z-index: 1;
  width: 60%;
  color: #45a33c;
  font-size: 0.63rem;
  font-weight: 850;
  text-align: center;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.chart-arrow::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: calc(100% + 6px);
  right: 0;
  left: 0;
  border-top: 5px solid #51ad45;
}

.chart-arrow::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: calc(100% - 1px);
  left: -12px;
  border-top: 9px solid transparent;
  border-right: 14px solid #51ad45;
  border-bottom: 9px solid transparent;
}

.tradeoff-panel {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
}

.tradeoff-track {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 118px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 10px 12px;
  align-items: stretch;
}

.tradeoff-track + .tradeoff-track {
  margin-top: 13px;
  padding-top: 13px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.tradeoff-policy,
.tradeoff-route {
  min-height: 58px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  text-align: center;
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 1.25;
}

.tradeoff-policy {
  padding: 11px 12px;
  border-radius: 14px;
  background: #eee9f7;
}

.tradeoff-route {
  gap: 10px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.88rem;
}

.tradeoff-route span {
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 1.45rem;
}

.tradeoff-route-mars strong,
.tradeoff-route-mars span {
  color: #3f9835;
}

.tradeoff-points {
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: 10px;
}

.tradeoff-points-single {
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
}

.tradeoff-point {
  padding: 12px 14px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 7px;
  align-items: center;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 14px;
  background: var(--white);
}

.tradeoff-point > span {
  width: 100%;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.tradeoff-metrics {
  width: 100%;
  display: flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 12px;
}

.tradeoff-metrics > div {
  min-width: 0;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 5px;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.tradeoff-metrics strong {
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 1.18rem;
  line-height: 1.12;
}

.tradeoff-metrics small {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.63rem;
  line-height: 1.25;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.tradeoff-point-mars {
  border-color: rgba(89, 170, 76, 0.42);
  background: linear-gradient(145deg, #ffffff, #f0faed);
}

.tradeoff-point-mars > span,
.tradeoff-point-mars strong {
  color: #37822f;
}

.tradeoff-ellipsis {
  height: 25px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 3px;
}

.tradeoff-ellipsis i {
  width: 3px;
  height: 3px;
  display: block;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: #83a17e;
}

.tradeoff-context {
  margin: 12px 2px 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  text-align: right;
}

.content-section {
  padding: 92px 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.section-heading {
  margin-bottom: 36px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 16px;
}

.section-heading span {
  color: var(--accent);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 850;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
}

.section-heading h2 {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--font-body);
  font-size: clamp(2rem, 4vw, 3.25rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: -0.035em;
  line-height: 1.1;
}

.abstract-section .section-heading span {
  flex: 0 0 20px;
}

.abstract-copy {
  max-width: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding-left: 36px;
  display: block;
  color: #33445a;
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.72;
  text-align: left;
}

.abstract-copy p {
  margin: 0;
}

.overview-section {
  overflow: hidden;
}

.figure-frame {
  display: block;
  padding: 0;
  border: 0;
  border-radius: 0;
  background: transparent;
  box-shadow: none;
}

.figure-frame img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
}

.figure-caption {
  max-width: 760px;
  margin: 18px auto 48px;
  color: var(--muted);
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.method-detail-figure {
  margin-bottom: 48px;
}

.method-lead {
  max-width: none;
  margin-bottom: 28px;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.motivation-figure {
  padding: 0;
}

.motivation-lead {
  max-width: none;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.motivation-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 18px;
}

.motivation-card {
  padding: 26px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 18px;
  background: var(--surface);
}

.motivation-title {
  display: flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 8px;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}

.motivation-number {
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  font-weight: 850;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
}

.motivation-card h3 {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 1.02rem;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.motivation-card p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.92rem;
}

.motivation-card .motivation-concept {
  margin: 0 0 10px;
  color: var(--accent-dark);
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  font-weight: 900;
  letter-spacing: 0.025em;
}

.qualitative-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 24px;
}

.mechanism-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 18px;
}

.mechanism-card {
  min-height: 288px;
  padding: 28px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 18px;
  background: linear-gradient(150deg, var(--white), var(--surface));
}

.mechanism-number {
  width: 40px;
  height: 40px;
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  color: var(--white);
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--accent);
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 850;
}

.mechanism-level {
  margin: 26px 0 5px;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-size: 0.76rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.mechanism-card h3 {
  margin: 0 0 13px;
  font-size: 1.22rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.32;
}

.mechanism-card p:last-child {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
}

.section-lead {
  max-width: 700px;
  margin: -17px 0 34px 44px;
  color: var(--muted);
}

.results-table-wrap {
  overflow-x: auto;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 18px;
}

.benchmark-results {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 34px;
}

.benchmark-table-block h3 {
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 1.35rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: -0.025em;
}

.results-table {
  width: 100%;
  min-width: 720px;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  font-size: 0.92rem;
}

.results-table-wide {
  min-width: 1120px;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
}

.results-table-compact {
  min-width: 720px;
}

.results-table th,
.results-table td {
  padding: 16px 18px;
  text-align: left;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.results-table tbody th {
  font-weight: 600;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.results-table-wide th:not(:first-child),
.results-table-wide td:not(:first-child),
.results-table-compact th:not(:first-child),
.results-table-compact td:not(:first-child) {
  text-align: center;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.results-table thead th {
  color: var(--muted);
  background: var(--surface);
  font-size: 0.76rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.055em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.results-table tbody tr:last-child td {
  border-bottom: 0;
}

.results-table .group-start th,
.results-table .group-start td {
  border-top: 2px solid #c8d6e6;
}

.result-highlight th,
.result-highlight td {
  color: var(--accent-dark);
  background: #edf6ff;
}

.generalization {
  margin-top: 28px;
  padding: 32px;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1.1fr 1fr;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 36px;
  border-radius: 18px;
  color: var(--white);
  background: var(--ink);
}

.generalization-copy h3 {
  margin: 0 0 8px;
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 1.8rem;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.generalization-copy p:last-child {
  margin: 0;
  color: #bed1e6;
}

.backbone-metrics {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 10px;
}

.backbone-metrics div {
  padding: 18px 12px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.13);
  border-radius: 12px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.055);
  text-align: center;
}

.backbone-metrics span {
  color: #bad0e7;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
}

.backbone-metrics strong {
  color: #54d7f3;
  font-size: 1.5rem;
}

.backbone-results {
  margin-top: 34px;
}

.table-note {
  margin: -5px 0 14px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.88rem;
}

.citation-placeholder {
  padding: 30px 34px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 24px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 16px;
  background: var(--surface);
}

.citation-placeholder p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
}

.citation-placeholder a {
  color: var(--accent-dark);
  font-weight: 750;
}

.project-footer,
.site-footer {
  width: var(--content);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 34px 0 42px;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 24px;
  color: var(--muted);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  font-size: 0.86rem;
}

.project-footer > div:first-child {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}

.project-footer strong {
  color: var(--ink);
}

.footer-links {
  display: flex;
  gap: 20px;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.footer-links a:hover,
.site-footer a:hover {
  color: var(--accent);
}

.index-page {
  min-height: 100vh;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  background:
    linear-gradient(rgba(19, 118, 210, 0.035) 1px, transparent 1px),
    linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(19, 118, 210, 0.035) 1px, transparent 1px),
    var(--white);
  background-size: 42px 42px;
}

.project-index {
  width: var(--content);
  margin: auto;
  padding: 90px 0;
}

.project-index h1 {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: clamp(3rem, 7vw, 6rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: -0.055em;
  line-height: 1;
}

.index-intro {
  margin: 20px 0 46px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 1.05rem;
}

.project-card {
  position: relative;
  min-height: 230px;
  padding: 34px 92px 34px 36px;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr auto;
  align-items: end;
  gap: 32px;
  overflow: hidden;
  color: var(--white);
  border-radius: 22px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--ink), #103f78 72%, #147fbd);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  transition: transform 180ms ease, box-shadow 180ms ease;
}

.project-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-4px);
  box-shadow: 0 30px 80px rgba(18, 77, 145, 0.2);
}

.project-tag {
  color: #79d8f2;
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.07em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.project-card h2 {
  margin: 14px 0 2px;
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: clamp(2.8rem, 6vw, 5.2rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1;
}

.project-card-copy p {
  max-width: 650px;
  margin: 12px 0 0;
  color: #c4d4e6;
}

.project-card-metric {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  text-align: right;
}

.project-card-metric strong {
  color: #5cddf7;
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 2.5rem;
  line-height: 1;
}

.project-card-metric span {
  color: #c4d4e6;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.project-arrow {
  position: absolute;
  top: 25px;
  right: 28px;
  font-size: 1.6rem;
}

.index-page .site-footer {
  margin-top: auto;
}

@media (max-width: 820px) {
  :root {
    --content: min(100% - 28px, 1120px);
  }

  .project-nav {
    gap: 14px;
  }

  .project-nav a:nth-child(2),
  .project-nav a:nth-child(4) {
    display: none;
  }

  .hero {
    padding-top: 62px;
  }

  .metric-strip {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  }

  .metric-strip div + div {
    border-left: 0;
  }

  .metric-strip div:nth-child(even) {
    border-left: 1px solid var(--line);
  }

  .metric-strip div:nth-child(n + 3) {
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  }

  .tradeoff-intro,
  .tradeoff-body {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .tradeoff-track {
    grid-template-columns: 118px minmax(0, 1fr);
  }

  .abstract-copy,
  .motivation-grid,
  .mechanism-grid,
  .generalization,
  .qualitative-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .method-lead {
    white-space: normal;
  }

  .mechanism-card {
    min-height: auto;
  }

  .section-lead {
    margin-left: 0;
  }

  .motivation-lead {
    white-space: normal;
  }

  .project-card {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .project-card-metric {
    text-align: left;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 560px) {
  .site-header {
    min-height: 62px;
  }

  .site-context {
    display: none;
  }

  .hero h1 br {
    display: none;
  }

  .tradeoff-showcase {
    margin-bottom: 54px;
    padding: 24px 18px;
    border-radius: 18px;
  }

  .tradeoff-panel {
    padding: 14px;
  }

  .tradeoff-intro {
    gap: 10px;
  }

  .tradeoff-intro .eyebrow {
    margin-bottom: 4px;
  }

  .tradeoff-chart-card {
    padding: 14px 10px 12px;
  }

  .tradeoff-chart-header {
    padding: 0 4px;
  }

  .tradeoff-chart-header > strong {
    font-size: 0.79rem;
  }

  .tradeoff-chart {
    height: 265px;
  }

  .chart-arrow {
    font-size: 0.55rem;
  }

  .tradeoff-track {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 8px;
  }

  .tradeoff-policy,
  .tradeoff-route {
    min-height: auto;
  }

  .tradeoff-policy {
    padding: 11px;
  }

  .tradeoff-route {
    padding: 2px 0;
  }

  .tradeoff-route span {
    transform: rotate(90deg);
  }

  .tradeoff-points {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .tradeoff-metrics {
    gap: 8px;
  }

  .tradeoff-metrics strong {
    font-size: 1.05rem;
  }

  .tradeoff-metrics small {
    font-size: 0.56rem;
  }

  .tradeoff-context {
    text-align: left;
  }

  .content-section {
    padding: 68px 0;
  }

  .figure-frame {
    padding: 0;
    border-radius: 0;
  }

  .backbone-metrics {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .citation-placeholder,
  .project-footer,
  .site-footer {
    align-items: flex-start;
    flex-direction: column;
  }

  .project-card {
    padding: 28px;
  }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  html {
    scroll-behavior: auto;
  }

  *,
  *::before,
  *::after {
    transition-duration: 0.01ms !important;
  }
}